Resources

Explore a wide range of specialist lectures and useful materials in our online store

Research Committee resource list

Key articles on psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic research.
Neuropsychological references also available.

A new interactive version of the Open Door Review is now available which allows users to submit research

https://www.opendoorreview.com/

Tim Keogh

Featured publication

Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., Solms, M., & Arnold, S. E. (Eds.). (2020). Outcome research and the future of psychoanalysis: Clinicians and researchers in dialogue. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429281112

Abstract

Can outcome research save the future of psychoanalysis? This question—the original title of a Sandler Research Conference, held in Los Angeles at the Children's Hospital in early May 2018 and a recurrent theme throughout this book—refers to the view of some clinical colleagues, scholars in the field of psychotherapy research and health policy-makers. For them, the future of psychoanalysis in times of evidence-based medicine depends on proving the outcome of treatments for different patient groups. However, not all psychoanalysts share their view. Empirical outcome research was controversial in the psychoanalytical community at that time—and it still is today. This book explores the connection between outcome studies and important and complex questions of clinical practices, research methodologies, epistemology, and sociological considerations. Presenting the ideas and voices of leading experts in clinical and extra-clinical research in psychoanalysis, the book provides an overview of the state of the art of outcome research, its results and implications. Furthermore, its contributions discuss the basic premises and ideas of outcome research and in which way the contemporary Zeitgeist might shape the future of psychoanalysis. Divided into three parts, the book begins by discussing the scientific basis of psychoanalysis and advances in psychoanalytic thinking as well as the state of the art of psychoanalytic outcome research, critically analysing so-called evidence-based therapies. Part II of the book contains exemplary research projects that are discussed from a clinical perspective, illustrating the dialogue between researchers and clinicians. Lastly, in Part III, several psychoanalysts review the importance of critical thinking and research in psychoanalytical education. Thought-provoking and expertly written and researched, this book is a useful resource for academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of mental health, psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis.

Featured Zoom Presentations

“Is psychoanalysis effective?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NulpKGoasd8

Recommended YouTube video

“Psychoanalysis of the Psychoanalytic Frame Revisited. A New Look at José Bleger’s Classic Work” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz0cH_V58as

Featured neuropsychological research

Abbass, A. A. [Allan A.], Nowoweiski, S. J., Bernier, D., Tarzwell, R., & Beutel, M. E. (2014). Review of psychodynamic psychotherapy neuroimaging studies. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(3), 142–147. doi:10.1159/000358841

Bastos, A. G., Guimarães, L. S. P., & Trentini, C. M. (2013, December). Neurocognitive changes in depressed patients in psychodynamic psychotherapy, therapy with fluoxetine and combination therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(3), 1066–1075. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.036

Beutel, M. E. [Manfred E.], Stark, R., Pan, H., Silbersweig, D., & Dietrich, S. (2010, Novem- ber). Changes of brain activation pre- post short-term psychodynamic inpatient psy- chotherapy: an fMRI study of panic disorder patients. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 184(2), 96–104. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.06.005

Buchheim, A., Viviani, R., Kessler, H., Kächele, H., Cierpka, M., Roth, G., . . . Taubner, S. (2012, March). Changes in prefrontal-limbic function in major depression after 15 months of long-term psychotherapy. PLoS ONE, 7(3), e33745. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0033745

deGreck, M.,Scheidt, L.,Bølter,A.F.,Frommer,J.,Ulrich,C., Stockum,E.,... Northoff, G. (2011, June). Multimodal psychodynamic psychotherapy induces normalization of reward related activity in somatoform disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry, 12(4), 296–308. doi:10.3109/15622975.2010.539269

Hirvonen, J., Hietala, J., Kajander, J., Markkula, J., Rasi-Hakala, H., Salminen, J. K., . . . Karlsson, H. (2010, September). Effects of antidepressant drug treatment and psy- chotherapy on striatal and thalamic dopamine d2/3 receptors in major depressive disorder studied with [11c]raclopride PET. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(10), 1329–1336. doi:10.1177/0269881110376691

Karlsson, H., Hirvonen, J., Kajander, J., Markkula, J., Rasi-Hakala, H., Salminen, J. K., . . . Hietala, J. (2009, November). Research letter: psychotherapy increases brain sero- tonin 5-HT1a receptors in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 40(03), 523. doi:10.1017/s0033291709991607

Lai, C., Daini, S., Calcagni, M. L., Bruno, I., & Risio, S. D. (2007). Neural correlates of psychodynamic psychotherapy in borderline disorders; a pilot investigation. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76(6), 403–405. doi:10.1159/000107572

Lehto, S. M., Tolmunen, T., Joensuu, M., Saarinen, P. I., Valkonen-Korhonen, M., Van- ninen, R., . . . Lehtonen, J. (2008, January). Changes in midbrain serotonin trans- porter availability in atypically depressed subjects after oneyear of psychotherapy. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 32(1), 229–237. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.08.013

Lehto, S. M., Tolmunen, T., Kuikka, J., Valkonen-Korhonen, M., Joensuu, M., Saarinen, P. I., ... Lehtonen, J. (2008, August). Midbrain serotonin and striatum dopamine transporter binding in double depression: a one-year follow-up study. Neuroscience Letters, 441(3), 291–295. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.042

Roffman, J. L., Witte, J. M., Tanner, A. S., Ghaznavi, S., Abernethy, R. S., Crain, L. D., . . . Fava, M. (2014). Neural predictors of successful brief psychodynamic psychotherapy for persistent depression. Psychother Psychosom, 83, 364–370.

Saarinen, P. I., Lehtonen, J., Joensuu, M., Tolmunen, T., Ahola, P., Vanninen, R., & Ti- ihonen, J. (2005). An outcome of psychodynamic psychotherapy: a case study of the change in serotonin transporter binding and the activation of the dream screen. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 59(1), 61–73.

Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy
Updated August 2022

Scroll to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V W Y Z

Aafjes-van Doorn, K., Macdonald, J., Stein, M., Cooper, A. M., & Tucker, S. (2014, April). Experiential dynamic therapy: a preliminary investigation into the effectiveness and process of the extended initial session. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(10), 914– 923. doi:10.1002/jclp.22094

Abbass, A. A. [A. A.], Kisely, S. R., Town, J. M., Leichsenring, F., Driessen, E., Maat, S. D., & Crowe, E. (1996). Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:doi:10.1002/14651858. cd004687.pub4

Abbass, A., Kisely, S., & Kroenke, K. (2009). Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for somatic disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78(5), 265–274. doi:10. 1159/000228247

Abbass, A., Town, J., & Driessen, E. (2011, March). The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive disorders with comorbid personality disorder. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 74(1), 58–71. doi:10.1521/psyc. 2011.74.1.58

Abbass, A., Town, J., & Driessen, E. (2012). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcome research. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 20(2), 97–108. doi:10.3109/10673229.2012.677347

Abbass, A. A. [Allan A.], Rabung, S., Leichsenring, F., Refseth, J. S., & Midgley, N. (2013, August). Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of short-term psychodynamic models. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(8), 863–875. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.014

Ablon, J. S., & Jones, E. E. (1998). How expert clinicians’ prototypes of an ideal treatment correlate with outcome in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 8, 71-83.

Ablon, J. S., & Jones, E. E. (1999). Psychotherapy process in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67:64–75.

Ablon, J. S., & Jones, E. E. (2002). Validity of controlled clinical trials of psychotherapy: Findings from the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 775-783.

Anderson, E. (1995). Short-term dynamically oriented psychotherapy: a review and meta- analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(6), 503–514. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(95) 00027-m

Bachrach, H., Galatzer-Levy, R., Skolnikoff, A., &Waldron, S. (1991). On the efficacy of psychoanalysis. J Am Psychoanal Assoc, 39:871–916.

Baradon, T., Broughton, C., Gibbs, I., James, J., Joyce, A., & Woodhead, J. (2005). The practice of psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy. Claiming the baby. London: Routledge.

Barber, J. P., Barrett, M. S., Gallop, R., Rynn, M. A., & Rickels, K. (2011, November). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 73(01), 66–73. doi:10.4088/jcp.11m06831

Barber, J. P., & Crits-Cristoph, P. (Eds.) (1995). Dynamic therapies for psychiatric disorders. Axis I New York: Basic Books.

Barkham, Michael; Rees, Anne; Shapiro, David A; Stiles, William B; et al. (1996) Outcomes of time-limited psychotherapy in applied settings: Replicating the Second Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. Vol 64(5), 1079-1085.

Barth, J., Munder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2013, May). Comparative efficacy of seven psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with depression: a network meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 10(5), e1001454. doi:10. 1371/journal.pmed.1001454

Bastos, A. G., Guimaraes, L. S. P., & Trentini, C. M. (2014, July). The efficacy of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, fluoxetine and their combination in the outpatient treatment of depression. Psychotherapy Research, 25(5), 612–624. doi:10.1080/ 10503307.2014.935519

Bateman, Anthony; Fonagy, Peter. (1999) Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 156(10), 1563-1569.

Bateman, Anthony; Fonagy, Peter. (2001) Treatment of borderline personality disorder with psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization: An 18-month follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 158(1), 36-42.

Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Mentalization-based treatment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bateman, A. [Anthony] & Fonagy, P. [Peter]. (2008, May). 8-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(5), 631–638. doi:10.1176/ appi.ajp.2007.07040636

Bateman, A. [A.] & Fonagy, P. [P.]. (2009, October). Randomized controlled trial of outpa- tient mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for bor- derline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(12), 1355–1364. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040539

Beebe, B (1994). Representation and internalization in infancy: three principles of salience. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 11, 127-165. Berghout, C.C., & Zevalkink, J. (2009). Clinical significance of long-term psychoanalytic treatment. Bull Menninger Clin, 73:7–33.

Berghout, C. C. & Zevalkink, J. (2009, March). Clinical significance of long-term psychoanalytic treatment. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 73(1), 7–33. doi:10.1521/bumc. 2009.73.1.7

Berghout, C.C., & Zevalkink, J. & Hakkaart-van Roijen, L. (2010). The effects of long-term psychoanalytic treatment on health care utilization and work productivity and their associated costs. J Psychiatr Pract, 16:209–16.

Berghout, C. C., Zevalkink, J., & Roijen, L. H.-v. (2010, January). A cost-utility analysis of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 26(01), 3. doi:10.1017/s0266462309990791

Bernstein, S. B. (2008). Writing about the psychoanalytic process. Psychoanal. Inq. 28, 433–449. doi: 10.1080/0735516908022126694
Google Scholar

Beutel, M. E. [M. E.]. (2004, June). Assessing the impact of psychoanalyses and long- term psychoanalytic therapies on health care utilization and costs. Psychotherapy Research, 14(2), 146–160. doi:10.1093/ptr/kph014

Blatt, S. J. [S. J.] & Shahar, G. (2004, June). Psychoanalysis with whom, for what, and how? comparisons with psychotherapy. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 52(2), 393–447. doi:10.1177/00030651040520020401

Blatt, SJ & Ford, RQ (1994). Therapeutic Change: An Object Relations Perspective, NY: Plenum Press.

Blatt, S. J. [Sidney J.] & Auerbach, J. S. (2003, May). Psychodynamic measures of therapeutic change. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23(2), 268–307. doi:10.1080/07351692309349034

Blatt, S. J. S., David, A., Auerbach, J. S., & Behrends, R. S. (1996). Change in object and self-representations in long-term, intensive, inpatient treatment of seriously disturbed adolescents and young adults. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 59(1), 82–107.

Blatt, SJ (1991). The differential effect of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis with anaclitic and introjective patients: The Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project revisited. JAPA, 40, 691-724.

Bögels, S. M., Wijts, P., Oort, F. J., & Sallaerts, S. J. M. (2014, February). Psychodynamic psychotherapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: an efficacy and partial effectiveness trial. Depression and Anxiety, 31(5), 363–373. doi:10.1002/da.22246

Bornstein, RF (1993). Parental representations and psychopathology: A critical review of the empirical literature. In JM Masling & RF Borsnstein (Eds.) Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Briggs, S., Netuveli, G., Gould, N., Gkaravella, A., Gluckman, N.S., Kangogyere, P., Farr, R., Goldblatt, M.J., Lindner, R. (2019) . The effectiveness of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy for reducing suicide attempts and self-harm: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1-9. doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.33

Britton, R., and Steiner, J. (1994). Interpretation: selected fact or overvalued idea? Int. J. Psychoanal. 75, 1069–1078.
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

Brown, K. M. & Tracy, D. K. (2014, April). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy in contemporary mental health services: current evidence, future role and challenges. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 30(2), 229–242. doi:10.1111/bjp.12074

Busch, F. N., Milrod, B. L., & Sandberg, L. S. (2009, February). A study demonstrating efficacy of a psychoanalytic psychotherapy for panic disorder: implications for psychoanalytic research, theory, and practice. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 57(1), 131–148. doi:10.1177/0003065108329677

Caleo, J. S., Stevenson, J., Meares, R. (2001) An economic analysis of psychotherapy for border line personality disorder patients. The Journal of Mental Health Policy & Economics. Vol 4(1), 3-8.

Caligor, E., Hilsenroth, M. J., Devlin, M., Rutherford, B. R., Terry, M., & Roose, S. P. (2012, April). Will patients accept randomization to psychoanalysis? a feasibility study. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 60(2), 337–360. doi:10. 1177/0003065112442958

Chiesa, M. (2010). Research and psychoanalysis: still time to bridge the great divide? Psychoanal. Psychnol. 27, 99–114. doi: 10.1037/a0019413
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Clarkin, J. F., Foelsch, P. A., Levy, K. N., et al. (2001). The development of a psychodynamic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder: a preliminary study of behavioral change. Journal of Personal Disorders, 15:487–495.

Clarkin, J. F. & Levy, K. N. (2003, May). A psychodynamic treatment for severe personality disorders: issues in treatment development. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23(2), 248–267. doi:10.1080/07351692309349033

Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2004, February). The personality disorders institute/borderline personality disorder research foundation randomized control trial for borderline personality disorder: rationale, methods, and patient characteristics. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(1), 52–72. doi:10.1521/ pedi.18.1.52.32769

Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2007, June). Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: a multiwave study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(6), 922–928. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.922

Clarkin, J., Yeomans, F., & Kernberg, O. (2006). Psychotherapy for borderline personality. Focusing on object relations. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Colombo, D., and Michels, R. (2007). Can (should) case reports be written for research use? Psychoanal. Inq. 27, 640–649. doi: 10.1080/07351690701468256
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Cornelis, S., Desmet, M., Meganck, R., Cauwe, J., Inslegers, R., Willemsen, J., et al. (in press). Interaction between obsessional symptoms interpersonal dynamics: an empirical single case study. Psychoanal. Psychnol. doi: 10.1037/pap0000078
CrossRef Full Text

Cozolino, L. (2002) The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Building and Rebuilding the Human Brain. New York, W. W. Norton.

Cozolino, L. (2006) The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain. New York, W. W. Norton.

Crits-Christoph, P., & Cooper, A., & Luborsky L. (1988). The accuracy of therapists' interpretations and the outcome of dynamic psychotherapy. Journal Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56:490–495.

Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., Gallop, R., Ring-Kurtz, S., Barber, J. P., Worley, M., ... Hearon, B. (2008). Supportive-expressive psychodynamic therapy for cocaine dependence: a closer look. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 25(3), 483–498. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.25.3.483

Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., Narducci, J., Schamberger, M., & Gallop, R. (2005). Interpersonal problems and the outcome of interpersonally oriented psychodynamic treatment of GAD. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(2), 211– 224. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.42.2.211

Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Andersson, G., & van Oppen, P. (2008). Psychotherapy for depression in adults: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 909–922. doi:10.1037/a0013075

Curtis, R. C. (2014, April). Systematic research supporting psychoanalytic and psycho- dynamic treatments. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 50(1-2), 34–42. doi:10.1080/ 00107530.2014.880295

Dahl, H.-S. J. [Hanne-Sofie J.], Røssberg, J. I., Crits-Christoph, P., Gabbard, G. O., Her- soug, A. G., Perry, J. C., . . . Høglend, P. A. (2014). Long-term effects of analysis of the patient-therapist relationship in the context of patients’ personality pathology and therapists’ parental feelings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(3), 460–471. doi:10.1037/a0036410

Damousi, J., Lang, B., and Sutton, K. (2015). Case Studies and the Dissemination of Knowledge. New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar

de Jonghe, F., de Maat, S., Barber, J. P., Abbas, A., Luyten, P., Gomperts, W., & Dekker, J. (2012). Designs for studying the effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic treatments: balancing level of evidence and acceptability to patients. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 60(2): 361-387.

de Maat, S., de Jonghe, F., Schoevers, R., & Dekker, J. (2009). The effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy: a systematic review of empirical studies. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 17(1), 1-23. doi:10.1080/10673220902742476

de Maat, S., de Jonghe, F., de Kraker, R., Leichsenring, F., Abbass, A., Luyten, P., & Dekker, J. (2013). The current state of the empirical evidence for psychoanalysis: a meta-analytic approach. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 21(3): 107-137.

Dekker, J., Koelen, J., Van, H., Schoevers, R., Peen, J., Hendriksen, M., ... Jonghe, F. D. (2008, July). Speed of action: the relative efficacy of short psychodynamic supportive psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the first 8 weeks of a treatment algorithm for depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109(1-2), 183–188. doi:10. 1016/j.jad.2007.10.015

Dekker, J. J. M., Hendriksen, M., Kool, S., Bakker, L., Driessen, E., Jonghe, F. D., ... Van, H. L. (2014, April). Growing evidence for psychodynamic therapy for depression. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 50(1-2), 131–155. doi:10.1080/00107530.2014. 880312

Della Rosa, E. (2015). The problem of knowledge in psychotherapy with an adolescent girl: reflections on a patient's difficulty in thinking and issues of therapeutic technique. J. Child Psychother. 41, 162–178. doi: 10.1080/0075417X.2015.1048125
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Desmet, M., Meganck, R., Seybert, C., Willemsen, J., Van Camp, I., Geerardyn, F., et al. (2013). Psychoanalytic single cases published in ISI-ranked journals: the construction of an online archive. Psychother. Psychosom. 82, 120–121. doi: 10.1159/000342019
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Doering, S., Horz, S., Rentrop, M., Fischer-Kern, M., Schuster, P., Benecke, C., . . . Buch- heim, P. (2010, April). Transference-focused psychotherapy v. treatment by community psychotherapists for borderline personality disorder: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(5), 389–395. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.070177

Doidge, Norman. (1997) Empirical evidence for the efficacy of psychoanalytic psychotherapies and psychoanalysis: An overview. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 17 (sup001), 102–150. doi:10.1080/07351699709534161

Doidge, N. (2001). Is psychoanalysis effective? Economic Neuroscience, 2001; 3:41–7.

Etchegoyen, H. R. (1999). The fundamentals of psychoanalytic technique(Revised Ed.). London: Karnac Books.

Faramarzi, M., Azadfallah, P., Book, H. E., Tabatabaei, K. R., Taheri, H., & Shokri-shirvani, J. (2013, June). A randomized controlled trial of brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy in patients with functional dyspepsia. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(3), 228–234. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2012.12.012

Finfgeld, D. L. (2003). Metasynthesis: the state of the art – so far. Qual. Health Res. 13, 893–904. doi: 10.1177/1049732303253462
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Fonagy, P. (2015). “Research issues in psychoanalysis,” in An Open Door Review of Outcome and Process Studies in Psychoanalysis, 3rd Edn., eds M. Leuzinger-Bohleber and H. Kächele (London: International Psychoanalytic Association), 42–60.

Fonagy, P., Target, M. (2002). The History and Current Status of Outcome Research at the Anna Freud Centre. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 57:27-60.

Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2002). Psychodynamic approaches to child therapy. In F. Raslow & J. Magnavita (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy. Vol. I. Psychodynamic/object relations (pp. 105-129). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Fonagy, P., Kachele, H., Krause. R., et al. (2002). An Open Door Review of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis, 2nd ed. London: International Psychoanalytical Association.

Fonagy, P, Kachele, H, Krause, R, Jones, E, Perron, R (1999). An Open Door Review of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis. London: Univ. College London.

Fonagy, P. (1996). Target M. Predictors of outcome in child psychoanalysis: a retrospective study of 763 cases at the Anna Freud Centre. Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 44:27–77.

Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1996). A contemporary psychoanalytical perspective: Psychodynamic developmental therapy. In E. Hibbs & P. Jensen (Eds.), Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders. Empirically based strategies for clinical practice (pp. 619-638). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Fonagy, P., Moran, G. S., Edgcumbe, R., Kennedy, H., & Target, M. (1993). The roles of mental representations and mental processes in therapeutic action. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 48, 9-48.

Fonagy, P, Steele, M, Moran, G, Steele, H, & Higgitt, A (1993). Measuring the ghost in the nursery: An empirical study of the relation between parents’ mental representations of childhood experiences and their infants’ security of attachment. JAPA, 41, 957-989.

Fonagy, P, Steele, G & Steele, M (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict infant-mother attachment patterns at one year. Child Development, 62, 891-905.

Fonagy, P. & Moran, G.S. (1991). Understanding psychic change in child analysis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 72, 15-22.

Forrester, J. (2016). Thinking in Cases. Cambridge: Polity.
Google Scholar

Freud, S. (2001 [1909]). Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy, 10th Standard Edn. London: Vintage Books.
Google Scholar

Freud, S. (2001 [1925]). An Autobiographical Study, 20th Standard Edn. London: Vintage Books.

Gabbard, G. O. (2004). Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Gabbard, G. O., & Gunderson, J. G., & Fonagy, P. (2002). The place of psychoanalytic treatments within psychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59: 505–510.

Gabbard, G. O. (2000). Disguise or consent: problems and recommendations concerning the publication and presentation of clinical material. Int. J. Psychoanal. 81, 1071–1086. doi: 10.1516/0020757001600426
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

Gazzillo, F., Waldron, S., Gorman, B. S., Stukenberg, K., Genova, F., Ristucci, C., Faccini, F., Mazza, C. (2018). The Components of Psychoanalysis: Factor Analyses of Process Measures of 27 Fully Recorded Psychoanalyses. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 35: 184-195.

Gazzillo, F, Waldron, S., Genova, F., Angeloni, F., Ristucci, C. and Lingiardi, V. (2014). An empirical investigation of analytic process: contrasting a good and poor outcome case. Psychotherapy, 51: 270-282.

Galatzer-Levy R, Bachrach H, Skolnikoff A,& Waldon S. (2000). Does Psychoanalysis Work? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Gerber, A. J., Kocsis, J. H., Milrod, B. L., Roose, S. P., Barber, J. P., Thase, M. E., . . . Leon, A. C. (2011, January). A quality-based review of randomized controlled trials of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(1), 19–28. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.08060843

Giesen-Bloo, J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., van Tilburg, W., Dirksen, C., van Asselt, T., . . . Arntz, A. (2006, June). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63(6), 649. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.649

Gibbons, M. B. C., Gallop, R., Thompson, D. (2016). Comparing effectiveness of cognitive therapy and dynamic psychotherapy for major depressive disorder in a community mental health setting: a randomized clinical noninferiority trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 73(9):904–911.

Gibbons, M. B. C., Thompson, S. M., Scott, K., Schauble, L. A., Mooney, T., Thompson, D.,... Crits-Christoph,P.(2012).Supportive-expressive dynamic psychotherapy in the community mental health system: a pilot effectiveness trial for the treatment of depression. Psychotherapy, 49(3), 303–316. doi:10.1037/a0027694

Green, A. (2005). The illusion of common ground and mythical pluralism. Int. J. Psychoanal. 86, 627–632.
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

Guthrie, Moorey, Margison et al (1999). Cost-effectiveness of brief psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy in high utilizers of psychiatric services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 519-526.

Hall, Jane; Caleo, Sue; Stevenson, Janine; Meares, Russell. (2001) An economic analysis of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder patients. The Journal of Mental Health Policy& Economics. Vol 4(1), 3-8.

Harder, S., Koester, A., Valbak, K., & Rosenbaum, B. (2014, June). Five-year follow-up of supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy in first-episode psychosis: long-term outcome in social functioning. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 77(2), 155–168. doi:10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.155

Hardy, Gillian E; Barkham, Michael; Shapiro, David A; Reynolds, Shirley; et al. (1995) Credibility and outcome of cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. Vol 34(4), 555-569.

Hardy, Gillian E; Barkham, Michael; Shapiro, David A; Stiles, William B; Rees, Anne; Reynolds, Shirley. (1995) Impact of Cluster C personality disorders on outcomes of contrasting brief psychotherapies for depression. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. Vol 63(6), 997-1004.

Hardy, Gillian E; Shapiro, David A; Stiles, William B; Barkham, Michael. (1998) When and why does cognitive-behavioural treatment appear more effective than psychodynamic-interpersonal treatment? Discussion of the findings from the Second Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. Journal of Mental Health. Vol 7(2), 179-190.

Haskayne, D., Hirschfeld, R., & Larkin, M. The outcome of psychodynamic psychotherapies with individuals diagnosed with personality disorders: a systematic review. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 2014, 28(2), 115–138.

Heinicke, C.M. & Ramsey-Klee, D.M. (1986). Outcome of child psychotherapy as a function of frequency of session. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 14, 561-588.

Hau, S., & Leuzinger-Bohleber, M. (Eds.) (2005). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Position paper of the German Gesellschaft für Psychoanalyse, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatic und Tiefenpsychologie.

Hinshelwood, R. D. (2013). Research on the Couch. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Hofer, M. (2014). The emerging synthesis of development and evolution: A new biology for psychoanalysis. Neuropsychoanalysis, 16(1), 3-22.

Hobson, R. F. (1985). Forms of Feeling: The Heart of Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

Høglend, P. (1993). Personality disorders and long-term outcome after brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 7:168–181.

Høglend, P. (2003, September). Long-term effects of brief dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 271–292. doi:10.1093/ptr/kpg031

Høglend, P., Amlo, S., Marble, A., Bøgwald, K.-P., Sørbye, Ø., Sjaastad, M. C., & Hey- erdahl, O. (2006, October). Analysis of the patient-therapist relationship in dynamic psychotherapy: an experimental study of transference interpretations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(10), 1739–1746. doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.10.1739

Høglend, P., Hersoug, A. G., Bøgwald, K.-P., Amlo, S., Marble, A., Sørbye, Ø., . . . Crits- Christoph, P. (2011). Effects of transference work in the context of therapeutic alliance and quality of object relations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(5), 697–706. doi:10.1037/a0024863

Holmes, J. (2002). All you need is cognitive behaviour therapy? British Medical Journal, 324:288–294.

Huber, D., Henrich, G., Clarkin, J., & Klug, G. (2013, June). Psychoanalytic versus psychodynamic therapy for depression: a three-year follow-up study. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 76(2), 132–149. doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.132

Iwakabe, S., and Gazzola, N. (2009). From single-case studies to practice-based knowledge: aggregating and synthesizing case studies. Psychother. Res. 19, 601–611. doi: 10.1080/10503300802688494
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Joyce, A. S., & Piper, W. E. (1993). The immediate impact of transference interpretation in short-term individual psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 47:508–526.

Johansson, R., Nyblom, A., Carlbring, P., Cuijpers, P., & Andersson, G. (2013). Choosing between internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: a pilot preference study. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 268. doi:10.1186/1471- 244x-13-268

Joyce, A. S., O’Kelly, J. G., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Piper, W. E., & Rosie, J. S. (2012, Decem- ber). A naturalistic trial of brief psychodynamic therapy for recurrent major depression. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 40(4), 645–671. doi:10.1521/pdps.2012.40.4.645

Kachele H, Krause R, Jones E et al (2000). An Open Door Review of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis. Fonagy P, ed London International Psychoanalytical Association. Available at http://www.ipa.org.uk

Kantrowitz, J. L. [Judy L.]. (1997, January). A brief review of psychoanalytic outcome research. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 17 (sup001), 87–101. doi:10.1080/07351699709534160

Kantrowitz, J, Katz, A & Paolitto, F (1990). Follow-up of psychoanalysis five to ten years after termination: IV. The relation between the resolution of the transference and the patient-analyst match. JAPA, 52, 393-447.

Keefe, J. R., McCarthy, K. S., Dinger, U., Zilcha-Mano, S., & Barber, J. P. (2014, June). A meta-analytic review of psychodynamic therapies for anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 309–323. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.004

Keenan, A. (2014). Parental loss in early adolescence and its subsequent impact on adolescent development. J. Child Psychother. 40, 20–35. doi: 10.1080/0075417X.2014.883130
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Kegerreis, S. (2013). “When I can come on time I'll be ready to finish”: meanings of lateness in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Br. J. Psychother. 29, 449–465. doi: 10.1111/bjp.12053
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Kennedy, E. & Midgley, N. (2007). Process and outcome research in child, adolescent and parent-infant psychotherapy: a thematic review. London: North Central London Strategic Health Authority.

Keller W, Westhoff G, Dilg R, Rohner R, Studt HH. (2006). Effectiveness and utilization of health insurance benefits in long-term analyses: Results of an empirical follow-up study on the effectiveness of Jungian Analysis. http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak5/krause/ulm97/keller.htm

Kernberg, O. F. (2002, June). Psychoanalytic contributions to psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 59(6), 497. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.497

King, R (1998) Evidence-based Practice: Where is the Evidence? The Case of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Depression. Australian Psychologist, 33, 83-95.

Klumpner, G. H., and Frank, A. (1991). On methods of reporting clinical material. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 39, 537–551. doi: 10.1177/000306519103900211
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Knekt, P., Lindfors, O., Laaksonen, M. A., Renlund, C., Haaramo, P., Härkänen, T., & Vir- tala, E. (2011, July). Quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis, long-term and short-term psychotherapy on psychiatric symptoms, work ability and functional capacity during a 5-year follow-up. Journal of Affective Disorders, 132(1-2), 37–47. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.014

Kolaitis, G., Giannakopoulos, G., Tomaras, V., Christogiorgos, S., Pomini, V., Layiou- Lignos, E., . . . Tsiantis, J. (2014). Self-esteem and social adjustment in depressed youths: a randomized trial comparing psychodynamic psychotherapy and family therapy. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(4), 249–251. doi:10.1159/000358289

Lamb, (2004). A Meta-Analysis of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis. Unpublished Dissertation.

Laufer, M. (1966). Object loss in adolescence. Psychoanal. Study Child 31, 269–293.

Leichsenring, F. [Falk]. (2001, April). Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(3), 401–419. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00057-4

Leichsenring, F. [Falk]. (2005, June). Are psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapies effective? a review of empirical data. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 86(3), 841–868. doi:10.1516/rfee-lkpn-b7tf-kpdu

Leichsenring, F. [Falk]. (2008, October). Effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. JAMA, 300(13), 1551. doi:10.1001/jama.300.13.1551

Leichsenring, F. [Falk], Abbass, A., Luyten, P., Hilsenroth, M., & Rabung, S. (2013, September). The emerging evidence for long-term psychodynamic therapy. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 41(3), 361–384. doi:10.1521/pdps.2013.41.3.361

Leichsenring F, Klein S. Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in complex mental disorders: update of a meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 199(1):15-22

Leichsenring, F. [F.] & Rabung, S. (2011, June). Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in complex mental disorders: update of a meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(1), 15–22. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.082776

Leichsenring, F. [Falk], Rabung, S., & Leibing, E. (2004, December). The efficacy of short- term psychodynamic psychotherapy in SpecificPsychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61(12), 1208. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.12.1208

Leichsenring, F. [Falk], Salzer, S. [Simone], Beutel, M. E. [Manfred E.], Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., . . . Leibing, E. (2014, October). Long-term outcome of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(10), 1074–1082. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13111514

Leichsenring, F. [Falk] & Salzer, S. [Simone]. (2014). A unified protocol for the transdiagnostic psychodynamic treatment of anxiety disorders: an evidence-based approach. Psychotherapy, 51(2), 224–245. doi:10.1037/a0033815

Leichsenring, F. [Falk], Klein, S., & Salzer, S. (2014, April). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific mental disorders: a 2013 update of empirical evidence. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 50(1-2), 89–130. doi:10.1080/00107530.2014.880310

Leichsenring, F. [Falk], Salzer, S. [Simone], Beutel, M. E. [Manfred E.], Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., . . . Leibing, E. (2013, July). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive- behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(7), 759–767. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013. 12081125

Leuteritz, K., Brähler, E., Weißflog, G., Barthel, Y., Kuhnt, S., Zwerenz, R., ... Beutel, M. (2013, June). Efficacy and predictors of outcome of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (stpp) in depressed breast cancer patients: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 74(6), 552. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013. 03.058

Leuzinger-Bohleber, M. (2015). “Development of a plurality during the one hundred year old history of research of psychoanalysis,” in An Open Door Review of Outcome and Process Studies in Psychoanalysis, 3rd Edn., eds M. Leuzinger-Bohleber and H. Kächele (London: International Psychoanalytic Association), 18–32.

Levy, R. A. [R. A.], Ablon, J. S., Thomä, H., Kächele, H., Ackerman, J., Erhardt, I., & Seybert, C. (2012, March). A session of psychoanalysis as analyzed by the psychotherapy process q-set: amalia x, session 152. In R. Levy, J. S. Ablon, & H. Kächele (Eds.), Psychodynamic psychotherapy research: evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence (Vol. 57, 2, pp. 509–526). Totowa, NJ, US: Humana Press. doi:10.1007/s00278-012-0900-5

Levy, K. N., Ehrenthal, J. C., Yeomans, F. E., & Caligor, E. (2014, September). The efficacy of psychotherapy: focus on psychodynamic psychotherapy as an example. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 42(3), 377–421. doi:10.1521/pdps.2014.42.3.377

Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Kelly, K. M., Reynoso, J. S., Weber, M., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1027–1040. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.6.1027

Lieberman, A. F., Van Horn, P. & Ghosh Ippen, C. (2005). Towards evidence-based treatment: Child-Parent psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence. J. Amer. Acad. Child. Adolesct. Psychiatry, 44(12): 1241-8.

Leff, J., Vearnals, S., & Brewin, C.R., et al.(2000). The London Depression Intervention Trial. Randomised controlled trial of antidepressants v. couple therapy in the treatment and maintenance of people with depression living with a partner: clinical outcome and costs. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177:95–100.

Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., & Target, M. (eds.) (2002). The Outcomes of Psychoanalytic Treatment. London: Whurr.

Lonigan, C. J., Elbert, J. C., & Johnson, S. B. (1998). Empirically supported psychosocial interventions for children: an overview. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27:138–345.

Lorentzen, S. [S.], Ruud, T., Fjeldstad, A., & Hoglend, P. (2013, September). Comparison of short and long-term dynamic group psychotherapy: randomised clinical trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203(4), 280–287. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113688

Luborsky, L & Crits-Christoph, P (1998). Understanding Transference. Washington DC: American Psychological Association Press.

Lush, D., Boston, M., Morgan, J. & Kolvin, I. (1998). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with disturbed adopted and foster children: a single case follow-up study. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 3, 51-69.

Luyten, P. & Blatt, S. J. [Sidney J.]. (2012, March). Psychodynamic treatment of depres- sion. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(1), 111–129. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012. 01.001

Luyten, P., Blatt, S. J., and Corveleyn, J. (2006). Minding the gap between positivism and hermeneutics in psychoanalytic research. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 54, 571–610. doi: 10.1177/00030651060540021301
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Lykins Trevatt, D. (1999). An account of a little boy's attempt to recover from the trauma of abuse. J. Child Psychother. 25, 267–287. doi: 10.1080/00754179908260293
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Main, M (1993). Discourse, prediction, and recent studies in attachment: implications for psychoanalysis. JAPA, 41, 209-244.

McCarthy, K. S., Keefe, J. R., & Barber, J. P. (2014, November). Goldilocks on the couch: moderate levels of psychodynamic and process-experiential technique predict outcome in psychodynamic therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 1–11. doi:10.1080/10503307. 2014.973921

McGehee, R. H. (2005). Child psychoanalysis and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the treatment of a ten-year-old boy. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 53, 213–237. doi: 10.1177/00030651050530011301
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Meares R, Stevenson J, Comerford A (1999), Psychotherapy with borderline patients: I. A comparison between treated and untreated cohorts. ANZ J Psychiatry 33(4), 467-472.

Meares, Russell; Stevenson, Janine; D'Angelo, Roberto. (2002) Eysenck's challenge to psychotherapy:A view of the effects 50 years on. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 36(6), 812-815.

Michels, R. (2000). The case history. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 48, 355–411. doi: 10.1177/00030651000480021201
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Midgley, N. (2006a). Re-reading “Little Hans”: Freud's case study and the question of competing paradigms in psychoanalysis. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 54, 537–559. doi: 10.1177/00030651060540021601
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Midgley, N. (2006b). The “inseparable bond between cure and research”: clinical case study as a method of psychoanalytic inquiry. J. Child Psychother. 32, 122–147. doi: 10.1080/00754170600780273
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Midgley, N. & Target, M. (2005). Recollections of being in child psychoanalysis. A Qualitative Study of a long-term follow-up project. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 60, 157-177.

Midgley, N. [Nicholas], Target, M., & Smith, J. (2006, June). The outcome of child psychoanalysis from the patient’s point of view: a qualitative analysis of a long-term follow-up study. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 79(2), 257–269. doi:10.1348/147608305x52694

Midgley, N., Anderson, J., Grainger, E. Nesic, T. & Urwin, C. (Eds.) (2009). Child Psychotherapy and Research: New Approaches, Emerging Findings. London: Routledge.

Midgley, N. [Nick] & Kennedy, E. (2011, December). Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents: a critical review of the evidence base. Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 37(3), 232–260. doi:10.1080/0075417x.2011.614738

Milrod, B., Busch. F., & Cooper, A. (1997). Manual for Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

Milrod, B., Busch, F., Leon, A. C., Shapiro, T., Aronson, A., Roiphe, J., . . . Shear, M. K. (2000, November). Open trial of psychodynamic psychotherapy for panic disorder: a pilot study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1878–1880. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.157.11.1878

Milrod, B., et al (2007). A randomized controlled clinical trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 265-272.

Monsen, J., Odland, T., & Faugli, A. et al. (1995). Personality disorders and psychosocial changes after intensive psychotherapy: a prospective follow-up study of an outpatient psychotherapy project, 5 years after the end of treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36: 256–268.

Monsen, J. Odland, T. Faugli, A, et al. (1995). Personality disorders: changes and stability after intensive psychotherapy focusing on affect consciousness. Psychotherapy Research, 5:33–48.

Monti, F., Tonetti, L., & Bitti, P. E. R. (2014, January). Comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of anxiety among university students: an effectiveness study. British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 42(3), 233–244. doi:10.1080/03069885.2013.878018

Muratori, F., Picchi, L., Bruni, G., Patarnello, M. & Romagnoli, G. (2003). A two-year follow-up of psychodynamic psychotherapy for internalising disorders in children. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 331-339.

Nichols, M. P., & Schwartz, R. C. (1991). Psychoanalytic family therapy. In M. P. Nichols & R. C. Schwartz (Eds.), Family therapy: Concepts and methods (pp. 179-227). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Nemirovski Edlund, J., Thorén, A., & Carlberg, G. (2014, June). Outcome of psychody- namic child psychotherapy in routine practice. European Journal of Psychotherapy Counselling, 16(3), 228–244. doi:10.1080/13642537.2014.927381

Olfson, M. (1999). Emerging methods in mental health outcomes research. Journal of Practice Psychiatry and Behavioral Health. 5:20–24.

Osimo, F. (2003). Experiential short-term dynamic psychotherapy. A manual. Bloomington: 1stbooks.

Palmer, R., Nascimento, L. N., & Fonagy, P. (2013, April). The state of the evidence base for psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 22(2), 149–214. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012. 12.001

Parker, B. & Turner, W. (2014, March). Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy for sexually abused children and adolescents: a systematic review. Research on Social Work Practice, 24(4), 389–399. doi:10.1177/1049731514525477

Pestalozzi, J., Frisch, S., Hinshelwood, R. D., & Houzel, D. (1998). Psychoanalytic therapy in institutional settings. London: Karnac Books.

Pletsch, C. E. (1982). Freud's case studies and the locus of psychoanalytic knowledge. Dynamis 2, 263–297.
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

Poulsen, S., Lunn, S., Daniel, S. I. F., Folke, S., Mathiesen, B. B., Katznelson, H., & Fair- burn, C. G. (2014, January). A randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(1), 109–116. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12121511

Rabinovich, M. (2016). Psychodynamic emotional regulation in view of Wolpe's desensitization model. Am. J. Psychol. 129, 65–79. doi: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.129.1.0065
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Reid, S., Alvarez, A. & Lee, A. (2001). The Tavistock autism workshop approach: Assessment, treatment and research. In J. Richter & S. Coates (Eds.), Autism – the search for coherence (182-192). London: Jessica Kingsley.

Richardson P, Kächele H, Renlund C (eds) (2004). Research on psychoanalytic psychotherapy with adults. London: Karnac.

Robin, A. et al. (1999). A controlled comparison of family versus individual psychotherapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1482-1489.

Rosenbaum, B., Harder, S., Knudsen, P., Køster, A., Lindhardt, A., Lajer, M., . . . Winther, G. (2012, December). Supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy versus treatment as usual for first-episode psychosis: two-year outcome. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 75(4), 331–341. doi:10.1521/psyc.2012.75.4.331

Roth, A & Fonagy P (1996) What Works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. Guilford Press. New York.

Roy, C. A., Perry, C. J., Luborsky, L., & Banon, E. (2009, April). Changes in defensive functioning in completed psychoanalyses: the penn psychoanalytic treatment collection. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 57(2), 399–415. doi:10.1177/ 0003065109333357

Rustin, M. (2003). Research in the consulting room. J. Child Psychother. 29, 137–145. doi: 10.1080/0075417031000138415
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Salzer, S. [S.], Cropp, C., Jaeger, U., Masuhr, O., & Streeck-Fischer, A. (2013, Novem- ber). Psychodynamic therapy for adolescents suffering from co-morbid disorders of conduct and emotions in an in-patient setting: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 44(10), 2213–2222. doi:10.1017/s003329171300278x

Sandell R, Lazar A, Grant J, Carlsson J, Schubert J, & Falkenström F. Stockholm Outcome of Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis Project (STOPPP) http://www.ipa.org.uk/research/sandell.asp

Sandell, R. (1999). Long-term findings of the Stockholm Outcome of Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis Project (STOPPP). Presented at the Meeting Psychoanalytic Long-Term Treatments: A Challenge for Clinical and Empirical Research in Psychoanalysis; October, Hamburg.

Sandell, R. (2012). Research on outcomes of psychoanalysis and psychoanalysis-derived psychotherapies. Chapter 26, in Textbook of Psychoanalysis(2nd ed.).

Sealey, A. (2011). The strange case of the Freudian case history: the role of long case histories in the development of psychoanalysis. Hist. Human Sci. 24, 36–50. doi: 10.1177/0952695110383460
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Schachter, A. (2009). The adult outcome of child psychoanalysis: A long-term follow-up study. Unpublished PhD thesis, University College, London.

Schachter, A., & Target, M. (2009). The adult outcome of child psychoanalysis: the Anna Freud Centre long-term follow-up study. In N. Midgley et al. (Eds.), Child psychotherapy and research: new approaches, emerging findings. London: Routledge.

Shapiro, David A; Rees, Anne; Barkham, Michael; Hardy, Gillian. (1995) Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the maintenance of gains after cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. Vol 63(3), 378-387.

Shapiro, David A; Barkham, Michael; Rees, Anne; Hardy, Gillian E; et al. (1994) Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. Vol 62(3), 522-534.

Shapiro, David A., Barkham, M., Rees, A., Hardy, G. E., et al. (1994) Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. Vol 62(3), 522-534.

Shapiro, T & Emde, RN (1993). Research in Psychoanalysis: Process, Development, Outcome. Madison, CT: IUP.

Shapiro, David A; Firth, Jenny. (1987) Prescriptive v. exploratory psychotherapy: Outcomes of the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. British Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 151, 790-799. Royal Coll of Psychiatrists, England

Shapiro, David A., Firth, J. (1987) Prescriptive v. exploratory psychotherapy: Outcomes of the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. British Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 151, 790-799. Royal College of Psychiatrists, England.

Shapiro, David A; Barkham, Michael; Hardy, Gillian E; Morrison, Leslie A. (1990) The second Sheffield psychotherapy project: Rationale, design and preliminary outcome data. British Journal of Medical Psychology. Vol 63(2), 97-108.

Shapiro, David A; Firth-Cozens, Jenny. (1990) Two-year follow-up of the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. British Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 157, 389-391.

Shedler, J. [J.]. (2002, June). A new language for psychoanalytic diagnosis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 50(2), 429–456. doi:10.1177/00030651020500022201

Shedler J. (2009) The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. In press American Psychologist.

Shedler, J. [Jonathan]. (2010). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65(2), 98–109. doi:10.1037/a0018378

Slavin-Mulford, J. H. & Mark, J. (2012). Evidence-based psychodynamic treatments for anxiety disorders: a review. In H. R. A. A. Levy J. Stuart; Kächele (Ed.), Psychodynamic psychotherapy research: evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence. (pp. 117–137). Totowa, NJ, US: Humana Press.

Slonim, D. A., Shefler, G., Gvirsman, S. D., & Tishby, O. (2011, November). Changes in rigidity and symptoms among adolescents in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 21(6), 685–697. doi:10.1080/10503307.2011.602753

Slonim, D. A., Shefler, G., Slonim, N., & Tishby, O. (2013, March). Adolescents in psycho-dynamic psychotherapy: changes in internal representations of relationships with parents. Psychotherapy Research, 23(2), 201–217. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013. 765998

Smit, Y., Huibers, M. J., Ioannidis, J. P., van Dyck, R., van Tilburg, W., & Arntz, A. (2012, March). The effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(2), 81–92. doi:10. 1016/j.cpr.2011.11.003

Spence, D. P. (2001). Dangers of anecdotal reports. J. Clin. Psychol. 57, 37–41. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(200101)57:1<37::AID data-preserve-html-node="true"-JCLP5>3.0.CO;2-S
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Stanton, A. H., Gunderson, J. G., Knapp, P. H., et al. (1984). Effects of psychotherapy in schizophrenia: I. Design and implementation of a controlled study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 10:520–563.

Steinberg, P. I. & Cochrane, D. (2013, March). Integration of psychoanalytic concepts in the formulation and management of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 77(1), 23–40. doi:10.1521/bumc.2013.77.1.23

Steiner, R. (1994). “The tower of Babel” or “After Babel in contemporary psychoanalysis”? – Some historical and theoretical notes on the linguistic and cultural strategies implied by the foundation of the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, and on its Relevance today. Int. J. Psychoanal. 75, 883–901.
Google Scholar

Stern, DN (1998). The process of therapeutic change involving implicit knowledge: some implications of developmental observations for adult psychotherapy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19, 300-308.

Stevenson, Janine; Meares, Russell. (1992) An outcome study of psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 14 (3), 358-362.

Stevenson, J., & Meares, R. (1995). Borderline patients at 5-year follow-up Presented at the Congress of the Royal Australia-New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. May, Cairns.

Stevenson, Janine; Meares, Russell. (1999) Psychotherapy with borderline patients: II. A preliminary cost benefit study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 33:473–477.

Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Mellor-Clark, J., & Connell, J. (2007, September). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural, person-centred, and psychodynamic therapies in UK primary-care routine practice: replication in a larger sample. Psychological Medicine, 38(05). doi:10.1017/s0033291707001511

Stoller, R. J. (1986). Sexual Excitement: Dynamics of Erotic Life. London: Maresfield Library.
Google Scholar

Summers, F. (2008). Theoretical insularity and the crisis of psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Psychnol. 25, 413–424. doi: 10.1037/0736-9735.25.3.413
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Szapocznik, J. et al. (1989). Structural family versus psychodynamic child therapy for problematic Hispanic boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 571-578.

Target, M. [Mary] & Fonagy, P. [Peter]. (1994, March). Efficacy of psychoanalysis for children with emotional disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(3), 361–371. doi:10.1097/00004583-199403000-00010

Target, M. & Fonagy, P. (1994b). The efficacy of psychoanalysis for children: Prediction of outcome in a developmental context. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1134-1144.

Target, M. & Fonagy, P. (2002). Anna Freud Centre studies 3: The long-term follow-up of child analytic treatments (AFC3). In P. Fonagy (Ed.) An open door review of outcome studies in psychoanalysis (2nd ed.), (141–146). London: International Psychoanalytic Society.

Taylor, D. (2008). Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies for depression: the evidence base. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 14, 401-413.

Thompson, L. W., Gallagher, D., & Breckenridge, J. S. (1987). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for depressed elders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55: 385–390.

Thompson-Brenner, H., Weingeroff, J., & Westen, D. (2009). Empirical support for psychodynamic psychotherapy for eating disorders. In R. A. Levy & J. S. Ablon (Eds.), Handbook of evidence-based psychodynamic psychotherapy (pp. 67–92). Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-444-5_4

Town, J. M., Abbass, A., & Hardy, G. (2011, December). Short-term psychodynamic psy- chotherapy for personality disorders: a critical review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(6), 723–740. doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.6.72

Town, J. M., Diener, M. J., Abbass, A., Leichsenring, F., Driessen, E., & Rabung, S. (2012). A meta-analysis of psychodynamic psychotherapy outcomes: evaluating the effects of research-specific procedures. Psychotherapy, 49(3), 276–290. doi:10. 1037/a0029564

Tracy, S. J. (2010). Qualitative quality: eight “big tent” criteria for excellent qualitative research. Qual. Inq. 16, 837–851. doi: 10.1177/1077800410383121
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Trowell, J. et al. (2002). Psychotherapy for sexually abused girls: psychopathological outcome findings and patterns of change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 234–247.

Trowell, J., Joffe, I., Campell, J. [Correct spelling?] Clemente, C., Almqvist, F., Soininen, M., Koskenranta-Aalto, U., Weintraub, S., Kolaitis, G., Tomaras, V., Anastasopoulos, D., Grayson, K., Barnes, J., & Tsiantis, J. (2007). Childhood depression: a place for psychotherapy: an outcome study comparing individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and family therapy. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 16, 157–167.

Tuckett, D. (1993). Some thoughts on the presentation and discussion of the clinical material of psychoanalysis. Int. J. Psychoanal. 74, 1175–1190.
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

Tuckett, D. (2008). Psychoanalysis Comparable and Incomparable: The Evolution of a Method to Describe and Compare Psychoanalytic Approaches. New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Valbak, K. (2004). Suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(3), 164–178. doi:10.1046/j.1600-0447.2003.00248.x

Vanheule, S. (2009). Psychotherapy and research: a relation that needs to be reinvented. Br. J. Psychother. 25, 91–109. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0118.2008.01103.x
CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Waldron, S., Stukenberg, K., Gazzillo, F. & Gorman, B. Advancing Psychoanalysis through Research. In Progress in Psychoanalysis: Envisioning the Future of the Profession. Axelrod, S., Naso, R. & Rosenberg, L. Eds. Routledge, 2018.

Waldron, S., Gazzillo, F. & Stukenberg, K. Ph.D. (2015).Do the Processes of Psychoanalytic Work Lead to Benefit? Studies by the APS Research Group and the Psychoanalytic Research Consortium, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 35:sup1, 169-184, DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2015.987602.

Waldron, S., Gazzillo, F., Genova, F., and Lingiardi, V. (2013). Relational and classical elements in psychoanalyses: an empirical study with case illustrations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30, 567-600.

Waldron, S, Moscovitz, S, Lundin, J, Helm, F, Jemerin, J, & Gorman, B. (2011). Evaluating the Outcomes of Psychotherapies: The Personality Health Index. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28: 363-388. Click here for full text.

Waldron, S, Scharf, SD, Hurst, D, Firestein, SK, Burton, A (2004). What happens in a psychoanalysis: A view through the lens of the Analytic Process Scales, (APS). IJP, 85, 443-466.

Wallerstein, R. S. (2002, June). Psychoanalytic treatments within psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 59(6), 499. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.499

Wallerstein, R. S., & Hoch, S. (1992). Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Similarities and differences: Conceptual overview. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 40, 233-238.

Weiss, J. & Sampson, H. (1986). Testing alternative psychoanalytic explanations of the therapeutic process. In J. Masling (Ed.) Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories. Vol. II. Analytic Free Press.

Werbart, A., Levin, L., Andersson, H., & Sandell, R. (2013). Everyday evidence: outcomes of psychotherapies in swedish public health services. Psychotherapy, 50(1), 119– 130. doi:10.1037/a0031386

Westen, D., & Gabbard, G. O. (2002). Developments in cognitive neuroscience: I. Conflict, compromise, and connectionism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 50: 53–98.

Westen, D., & Gabbard, G. O. (2002). Developments in cognitive neuroscience: II. Implications for theories of transference, Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 50: 99–134.

Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 124: 333–371.

Westen, D. (1990). Towards a revised theory of borderline object relations.

Widdowson, M. (2016). Transactional Analysis for Depression: A Step-by-step Treatment Manual. Abingdon: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Widlöcher, D. (1994). A case is not a fact. Int. J. Psychoanal. 75, 1233–1244.
PubMed Abtract | Google Scholar

Willemsen, J., Cornelis, S., Geerardyn, F. M., Desmet, M., Meganck, R., Inslegers, R., et al. (2015a). Theoretical pluralism in psychoanalytic case studies. Front. Psychol. 6:1466. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01466
PubMed Abtract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Willemsen, J., Inslegers, R., Meganck, R., Geerardyn, F., Desmet, M., and Vanheule, S. (2015b). A metasynthesis of published case studies through Lacan's L-schema: transference in perversion. Int. J. Psychoanal. 96, 773–795. doi: 10.1111/1745-8315.12179
PubMed Abtract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Winnicott, D. W. (1949). Hate in the counter-transference. Int. J. Psychoanal. 30, 69–74.
Google Scholar

Winship, G. (2007). The ethics of reflective research in single case study inquiry. Perspect. Psychiatr. Care 43, 174–182. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2007.00132.x
PubMed Abtract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Yinn, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar

Zimmermann, J., Løffler-Stastka, H., Huber, D., Klug, G., Alhabbo, S., Bock, A., & Be- necke, C. (2014, September). Is it all about the higher dose? why psychoanalytic therapy is an effective treatment for major depression. Clinical Psychology Psychotherapy. doi:10.1002/cpp.1917

Zipfel, S., Wild, B., Groß, G., Friederich, H.-C., Teufel, M., Schellberg, D., ... Herzog, W. (2014, January). Focal psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and optimised treatment as usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa (ANTOP study): randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 383(9912), 127–137. doi:10.1016/s0140- 6736(13)61746-8

Last updated by Timothy Keogh, Chair of Research Committee, October, 2023